1700-1799

1700-1799
Punched Cards The first punched cards were created by Basile Bouchon in 1725 for the purpose of loom weaving. It made it to that the needles could only passw where the paper was perforated, forming specific weaving patterns. Joseph Jaquard perfected the idea in 1801 with his creation of the Jaquard loom, a more advanced mechanical loom. He used a chain of cards laced together in a particular sequence to create the wanted pattern. In the early 1800’s Semen Korakov invented a machine for the purpose of storing information on punch cards. His machines were mostly forgotten until world war II. Charles Babbage created the first mechanical computer and also had the idea of “number cards” his own interpretation of punch cards. They were pierced with holes over levers which were pressed when there was piercing above it like a loom, and the levers were connected to figure wheels which would then move. Herman Hollerith continued on Korakov’s path, creating a machine that could store information on cards which could be read by machine as well. His invention was first used to process the data for the U.S. census in 1890. The punch card sends messages in binomials. The holes let the signal through telling the machine to do specific functions. the card was read vertically and only two holes could be punched per column to control signal flow so large combinations of two hole punches were needed to create entire unique code. Hollerith founded IBM and that company widely spread the use of punch card machines in government documents, computing, data storage and so on. Punch cards were eventually replaced with magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage, and then interactive terminals. Today punch cards are mostly non-existent. Bibliography

"IBM: Once Upon A Punched Card (1964)." //YouTube//. YouTube, n.d. Web. 22 Jan. 2015.

N.p., n.d. Web.

"Punch Card Programming - Computerphile." //YouTube//. YouTube, n.d. Web. 22 Jan. 2015.

"Punch Card Programming - Computerphile." //YouTube//. YouTube, n.d. Web. 22 Jan. 2015.


 * //1799// -- Alessandro Volta invents the battery

=Along came the battery...= -"An electrical battery is one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy.Since the invention of the first battery in 1799 by Alessandro Volta and especially since the technically improved Daniell cell in 1836, batteries have become a common power source for many household and industrial applications. According to a 2005 estimate, the worldwide battery industry generates $48 billion in sales each year, with 6% annual growth." -"There are two types of batteries: primary batteries (disposable batteries), which are designed to be used once and discarded, and secondary batteries (rechargeable batteries), which are designed to be recharged and used multiple times. Batteries come in many sizes, from miniature cells used to power hearing aids and wristwatches to battery banks the size of rooms that provide standby power for telephone exchanges and computer data centers."

=**Alessandro Volta (1745-1847)**=

"Alessandro Volta, Italian physicist, known for his pioneering work in electricity. Volta was born in Como and educated in the public schools there. By 1799 he had developed the so-called voltaic pile, a forerunner of the electric battery, which produced a steady stream of electricity. In honor of his work in the field of electricity, the electrical unit known as the volt was named in his honor."